 .AG - Antigua and Barbuda
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| Introduction |
Antigua and Barbuda |
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Background: |
The Siboney were the first to
inhabit the islands of Antigua and Barbuda in 2400 B.C., but Arawak and
Carib Indians populated the islands when Columbus landed on his second
voyage in 1493. Early settlements by the Spanish and French were succeeded
by the English who formed a colony in 1667. Slavery, established to run
the sugar plantations on Antigua, was abolished in 1834. The islands
became an independent state within the British Commonwealth of Nations in
1981. |
| Geography |
Antigua and Barbuda |
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Location: |
Caribbean, islands between the
Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east-southeast of Puerto Rico
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Geographic coordinates: |
17 03 N, 61 48 W |
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Map references: |
Central America and the
Caribbean |
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Area: |
total: 442.6 sq km
(Antigua 280 sq km; Barbuda 161 sq km)
land: 442.6 sq km
water: 0 sq km
note: includes Redonda, 1.6 sq km
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Area - comparative: |
2.5 times the size of
Washington, DC |
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Land boundaries: |
0 km |
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Coastline: |
153 km |
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Maritime claims: |
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200
nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental
margin |
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Climate: |
tropical maritime; little
seasonal temperature variation |
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Terrain: |
mostly low-lying limestone and
coral islands, with some higher volcanic areas |
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Elevation extremes: |
lowest point: Caribbean
Sea 0 m
highest point: Boggy Peak 402 m |
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Natural resources: |
NEGL; pleasant climate fosters
tourism |
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Land use: |
arable land: 18.18%
permanent crops: 4.55%
other: 77.27% (2001) |
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Irrigated land: |
NA |
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Natural hazards: |
hurricanes and tropical storms
(July to October); periodic droughts |
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Environment - current issues: |
water management - a major
concern because of limited natural fresh water resources - is further
hampered by the clearing of trees to increase crop production, causing
rainfall to run off quickly |
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Environment - international agreements: |
party to: Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea,
Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
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Geography - note: |
Antigua has a deeply indented
shoreline with many natural harbors and beaches; Barbuda has a very large
western harbor |
| People |
Antigua and Barbuda |
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Population: |
68,722 (July 2005 est.) |
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Age structure: |
0-14 years: 27.9% (male
9,767/female 9,427)
15-64 years: 68% (male 23,466/female
23,250)
65 years and over: 4.1% (male 1,085/female 1,727) (2005
est.) |
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Median age: |
total: 29.67 years
male: 29.19 years
female: 30.15 years (2005 est.)
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Population growth rate: |
0.57% (2005 est.) |
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Birth rate: |
17.26 births/1,000 population
(2005 est.) |
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Death rate: |
5.44 deaths/1,000 population
(2005 est.) |
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Net migration rate: |
-6.11 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2005 est.) |
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Sex ratio: |
at birth: 1.05
male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64
years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.63
male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
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Infant mortality rate: |
total: 19.46
deaths/1,000 live births
male: 23.43 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 15.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth: |
total population: 71.9
years
male: 69.53 years
female: 74.38 years (2005
est.) |
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Total fertility rate: |
2.26 children born/woman (2005
est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: |
NA |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: |
NA |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths: |
NA |
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Nationality: |
noun: Antiguan(s),
Barbudan(s)
adjective: Antiguan, Barbudan |
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Ethnic groups: |
black, British, Portuguese,
Lebanese, Syrian |
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Religions: |
Christian, (predominantly
Anglican with other Protestant, and some Roman Catholic) |
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Languages: |
English (official), local
dialects |
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Literacy: |
definition: age 15 and
over has completed five or more years of schooling
total
population: 89%
male: 90%
female: 88% (1960
est.) |
| Government |
Antigua and Barbuda |
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Country name: |
conventional long form:
none
conventional short form: Antigua and Barbuda |
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Government type: |
constitutional monarchy with
UK-style parliament |
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Capital: |
Saint John's (Antigua) |
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Administrative divisions: |
6 parishes and 2 dependencies*;
Barbuda*, Redonda*, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mary, Saint Paul,
Saint Peter, Saint Philip |
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Independence: |
1 November 1981 (from UK)
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National holiday: |
Independence Day (National
Day), 1 November (1981) |
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Constitution: |
1 November 1981 |
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Legal system: |
based on English common law
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Suffrage: |
18 years of age; universal
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Executive branch: |
chief of state: Queen
ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir
James B. CARLISLE (since 10 June 1993)
head of government:
Prime Minister Winston Baldwin SPENCER (since 24 March 2004)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the governor general
on the advice of the prime minister
elections: none; the
monarch is hereditary; governor general chosen by the monarch on the
advice of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader
of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually
appointed prime minister by the governor general |
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Legislative branch: |
bicameral Parliament consists
of the Senate (17-member body appointed by the governor general) and the
House of Representatives (17 seats; members are elected by proportional
representation to serve five-year terms)
elections: House of
Representatives - last held 23 March 2004 (next to be held NA 2009)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by
party - ALP 4, UPP 13 |
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Judicial branch: |
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court
(based in Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the
islands and presides over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction) |
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Political parties and leaders: |
Antigua Labor Party or ALP
[Lester Bryant BIRD]; Barbuda People's Movement or BPM [Thomas H. FRANK];
United Progressive Party or UPP [Baldwin SPENCER] (a coalition of three
opposition parties - United National Democratic Party or UNDP, Antigua
Caribbean Liberation Movement or ACLM, and Progressive Labor Movement or
PLM) |
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Political pressure groups and leaders: |
Antigua Trades and Labor Union
or ATLU [William ROBINSON]; People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Hugh
MARSHALL] |
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International organization participation: |
ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO,
G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO,
Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO |
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Diplomatic representation in the US: |
chief of mission:
Ambassador Lionel A. HURST
chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW,
Washington, DC 20016
telephone: [1] (202) 362-5122
FAX: [1] (202) 362-5225
consulate(s) general: Miami
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Diplomatic representation from the US: |
the US does not have an embassy
in Antigua and Barbuda (embassy closed 30 June 1994); the US Ambassador to
Barbados is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda |
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Flag description: |
red, with an inverted isosceles
triangle based on the top edge of the flag; the triangle contains three
horizontal bands of black (top), light blue, and white, with a yellow
rising sun in the black band |
| Economy |
Antigua and Barbuda |
|
Economy - overview: |
Tourism continues to dominate
the economy, accounting for more than half of GDP. Weak tourist arrival
numbers since early 2000 have slowed the economy, however, and pressed the
government into a tight fiscal corner. The dual-island nation's
agricultural production is focused on the domestic market and constrained
by a limited water supply and a labor shortage stemming from the lure of
higher wages in tourism and construction. Manufacturing comprises
enclave-type assembly for export with major products being bedding,
handicrafts, and electronic components. Prospects for economic growth in
the medium term will continue to depend on income growth in the
industrialized world, especially in the US, which accounts for slightly
more than one-third of tourist arrivals. |
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GDP: |
purchasing power parity - $750
million (2002 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate: |
3% (2002 est.) |
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GDP - per capita: |
purchasing power parity -
$11,000 (2002 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector: |
agriculture: 3.9%
industry: 19.2%
services: 76.8% (2002) |
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Population below poverty line: |
NA |
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Household income or consumption by percentage
share: |
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): |
0.4% (2000 est.) |
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Labor force: |
30,000 |
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Labor force - by occupation: |
agriculture 7%, industry 11%,
services 82% (1983) |
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Unemployment rate: |
11% (2001 est.) |
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Budget: |
revenues: $123.7 million
expenditures: $145.9 million, including capital expenditures of
NA (2000 est.) |
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Agriculture - products: |
cotton, fruits, vegetables,
bananas, coconuts, cucumbers, mangoes, sugarcane; livestock |
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Industries: |
tourism, construction, light
manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household appliances) |
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Industrial production growth rate: |
6% (1997 est.) |
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Electricity - production: |
110.8 million kWh (2002) |
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Electricity - production by source: |
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (2001)
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Electricity - consumption: |
103 million kWh (2002) |
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Electricity - exports: |
0 kWh (2002) |
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Electricity - imports: |
0 kWh (2002) |
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Oil - production: |
0 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - consumption: |
3,600 bbl/day (2001 est.)
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Oil - exports: |
NA |
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Oil - imports: |
NA |
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Exports: |
$689 million (2002) |
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Exports - commodities: |
petroleum products 48%,
manufactures 23%, machinery and transport equipment 17%, food and live
animals 4%, other 8% |
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Exports - partners: |
Germany 49.5%, UK 29.7%, France
3.5% (2004) |
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Imports: |
$692 million (2002 est.) |
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Imports - commodities: |
food and live animals,
machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil |
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Imports - partners: |
US 21.8%, Singapore 18.8%,
China 10.7%, Poland 6.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.6%, UK 4.4% (2004) |
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Debt - external: |
$231 million (1999) |
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Economic aid - recipient: |
$2.3 million (1995) |
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Currency: |
East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
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Currency code: |
XCD |
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Exchange rates: |
East Caribbean dollars per US
dollar - 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003), 2.7 (2002), 2.7 (2001), 2.7 (2000)
note: fixed rate since 1976 |
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Fiscal year: |
1 April - 31 March
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| Communications |
Antigua and Barbuda |
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Telephones - main lines in use: |
38,000 (2002) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular: |
38,200 (2002) |
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Telephone system: |
general assessment: NA
domestic: good automatic telephone system
international: country code - 1-268; 1 coaxial submarine cable;
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric
scatter to Saba (Netherlands Antilles) and Guadeloupe |
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Radio broadcast stations: |
AM 4, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
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Radios: |
36,000 (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations: |
2 (1997) |
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Televisions: |
31,000 (1997) |
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Internet country code: |
.ag |
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Internet hosts: |
1,665 (2003) |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs): |
16 (2000) |
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Internet users: |
10,000 (2002) |
| Transportation |
Antigua and Barbuda |
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Highways: |
total: 250 km (1999
est.) |
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Ports and harbors: |
Saint John's |
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Merchant marine: |
total: 980 ships (1,000
GRT or over) 5,873,626 GRT/7,683,143 DWT
by type: bulk carrier
33, cargo 630, chemical tanker 9, container 272, liquefied gas 9,
petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 8, roll on/roll off 17, vehicle
carrier 1
foreign-owned: 923 (Australia 2, Bangladesh 4,
Belgium 4, Colombia 2, Denmark 8, Estonia 2, Germany 849, Iceland 5,
Latvia 5, Lebanon 2, Lithuania 1, Netherlands 11, Norway 3, Philippines 1,
Russia 1, Slovenia 5, Sweden 1, Switzerland 5, Turkey 4, United Kingdom 1,
United States 7) (2005) |
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Airports: |
3 (2004 est.) |
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Airports - with paved runways: |
total: 2
2,438 to
3,047 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways: |
total: 1
under
914 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
| Military |
Antigua and Barbuda |
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Military branches: |
Royal Antigua and Barbuda
Defense Force: Infantry, Coast Guard (2004) |
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Military manpower - military age and obligation: |
18 years of age (est.); no
conscript military service (2001) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure: |
NA |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP: |
NA |
| Transnational Issues |
Antigua and Barbuda |
|
Disputes - international: |
none |
|
Illicit drugs: |
considered a minor
transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; more
significant as an offshore financial center |
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