 .NU - Niue
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Background: |
Niue's remoteness, as well as
cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and
those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately
administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak
of 5,200 in 1966 to about 2,100 in 2004), with substantial emigration to
New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest. |
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Location: |
Oceania, island in the South
Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga |
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Geographic coordinates: |
19 02 S, 169 52 W |
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Map references: |
Oceania |
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Area: |
total: 260 sq km
land: 260 sq km
water: 0 sq km |
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Area - comparative: |
1.5 times the size of
Washington, DC |
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Land boundaries: |
0 km |
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Coastline: |
64 km |
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Maritime claims: |
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
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Climate: |
tropical; modified by southeast
trade winds |
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Terrain: |
steep limestone cliffs along
coast, central plateau |
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Elevation extremes: |
lowest point: Pacific
Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau
settlement 68 m |
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Natural resources: |
fish, arable land |
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Land use: |
arable land: 15.38%
permanent crops: 11.54%
other: 73.08% (2001) |
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Irrigated land: |
NA |
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Natural hazards: |
typhoons |
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Environment - current issues: |
increasing attention to
conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from
traditional slash and burn agriculture |
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Environment - international agreements: |
party to: Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
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Geography - note: |
one of world's largest coral
islands |
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Population: |
2,166 (July 2005 est.) |
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Age structure: |
0-14 years: NA
15-64 years: NA
65 years and over: NA |
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Population growth rate: |
0% (2005 est.) |
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Birth rate: |
NA births/1,000 population
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Death rate: |
NA deaths/1,000 population
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Net migration rate: |
NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
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Sex ratio: |
NA |
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Infant mortality rate: |
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA |
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Life expectancy at birth: |
total population: NA
male: NA
female: NA |
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Total fertility rate: |
NA |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: |
NA |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: |
NA |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths: |
NA |
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Nationality: |
noun: Niuean(s)
adjective: Niuean |
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Ethnic groups: |
Niuen 78.2%, Pacific islander
10.2%, European 4.5%, mixed 3.9%, Asian 0.2%, unspecified 3% (2001 census)
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Religions: |
Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church -
a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society)
61.1%, Latter-Day Saints 8.8%, Roman Catholic 7.2%, Jehovah's Witnesses
2.4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%, other 8.4%, unspecified 8.7%, none 1.9%
(2001 census) |
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Languages: |
Niuean, a Polynesian language
closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English |
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Literacy: |
definition: NA
total population: 95%
male: NA%
female:
NA% |
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Country name: |
conventional long form:
none
conventional short form: Niue
former: Savage
Island |
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Dependency status: |
self-governing in free
association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue fully responsible for
internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs
and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control
and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue |
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Government type: |
self-governing parliamentary
democracy |
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Capital: |
Alofi |
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Administrative divisions: |
none; note - there are no
first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but
there are 14 villages at the second order |
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Independence: |
on 19 October 1974, Niue became
a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New
Zealand |
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National holiday: |
Waitangi Day (Treaty of
Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February
(1840) |
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Constitution: |
19 October 1974 (Niue
Constitution Act) |
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Legal system: |
English common law
note: Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own
laws |
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Suffrage: |
18 years of age; universal
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Executive branch: |
chief of state: Queen
ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are
represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May
2000)
head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May
2002)
cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three
ministers
elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected
by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 12
May 2005 (next to be held May 2008)
election results: Young
VIVIAN reelected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young
VIVIAN (NPP) 85%, O'Love JACOBSEN (independent) 15% |
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Legislative branch: |
unicameral Legislative Assembly
(20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six
elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives)
elections: last held 30 April 2005 (next to be held April 2008)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by
party - NA |
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Judicial branch: |
Supreme Court of New Zealand;
High Court of Niue |
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Political parties and leaders: |
Niue People's Action Party or
NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance of Independents or AI [leader NA] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders: |
NA |
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International organization participation: |
ACP, FAO, PIF, Sparteca,
UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO |
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Diplomatic representation in the US: |
none (self-governing territory
in free association with New Zealand) |
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Diplomatic representation from the US: |
none (self-governing territory
in free association with New Zealand) |
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Flag description: |
yellow with the flag of the UK
in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow
five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a
smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross |
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Economy - overview: |
The economy suffers from the
typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources,
and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues,
and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand
that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government
expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The
agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although
some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small
factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream.
The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of
revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of
population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to
increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services
industry, although former Premier LAKATANI announced in February 2002 that
Niue will shut down the offshore banking industry. Economic aid from New
Zealand in 2002 was about $2.6 million. Niue suffered a devastating
hurricane in January 2004, which decimated nascent economic programs.
While in the process of rebuilding, Niue has been dependent on foreign
aid. |
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GDP: |
purchasing power parity - $7.6
million (2000 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate: |
-0.3% (2000 est.) |
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GDP - per capita: |
purchasing power parity -
$3,600 (2000 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector: |
agriculture: NA
industry: NA
services: 55% |
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Population below poverty line: |
NA |
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Household income or consumption by percentage
share: |
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): |
1% (1995) |
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Labor force: |
NA |
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Labor force - by occupation: |
most work on family
plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry,
and the Niue Development Board |
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Unemployment rate: |
NA |
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Budget: |
revenues: NA
expenditures: NA |
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Agriculture - products: |
coconuts, passion fruit, honey,
limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef
cattle |
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Industries: |
tourism, handicrafts, food
processing |
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Industrial production growth rate: |
NA |
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Electricity - production: |
3 million kWh (2002) |
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Electricity - production by source: |
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (2001)
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Electricity - consumption: |
2.79 million kWh (2002) |
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Electricity - exports: |
0 kWh (2002) |
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Electricity - imports: |
0 kWh (2002) |
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Oil - production: |
0 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - consumption: |
20 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - exports: |
NA |
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Oil - imports: |
NA |
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Exports: |
$137,200 (1999) |
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Exports - commodities: |
canned coconut cream, copra,
honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes,
footballs, stamps, handicrafts |
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Exports - partners: |
New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Cook
Islands, Australia (2000) |
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Imports: |
$2.38 million (1999) |
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Imports - commodities: |
food, live animals,
manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs |
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Imports - partners: |
New Zealand mainly, Fiji,
Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2000) |
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Debt - external: |
$418,000 (2002 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient: |
$2.6 million from New Zealand
(2002) |
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Currency: |
New Zealand dollar (NZD) |
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Currency code: |
NZD |
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Exchange rates: |
New Zealand dollars per US
dollar - 1.5087 (2004), 1.7221 (2003), 2.1622 (2002), 2.3788 (2001),
2.2012 (2000) |
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Fiscal year: |
1 April - 31 March
|
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Telephones - main lines in use: |
1,100 est (2002) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular: |
400 (2002) |
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Telephone system: |
domestic: single-line
telephone system connects all villages on island
international:
country code - 683 |
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Radio broadcast stations: |
AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
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Radios: |
1,000 (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations: |
1 (1997) |
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Televisions: |
NA |
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Internet country code: |
.nu |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs): |
1 (2000) |
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Internet users: |
NA |
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Highways: |
total: 234 km
paved: 86 km
unpaved: 148 km (2001) |
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Ports and harbors: |
none; offshore anchorage only
|
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Airports: |
1 (2004 est.) |
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Airports - with paved runways: |
total: 1
1,524 to
2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
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Military branches: |
no regular indigenous military
forces; Police Force |
|
Military - note: |
defense is the responsibility
of New Zealand |
| Transnational Issues |
Niue |
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Disputes - international: |
none |
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