 .SH - Saint Helena
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1 Year at 109.95
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| Introduction |
Saint Helena |
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Background: |
Uninhabited when first
discovered by the Portuguese in 1502, Saint Helena was garrisoned by the
British during the 17th century. It acquired fame as the place of Napoleon
BONAPARTE's exile, from 1815 until his death in 1821, but its importance
as a port of call declined after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869.
Ascension Island is the site of a US Air Force auxiliary airfield; Gough
Island has a meteorological station. |
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Location: |
islands in the South Atlantic
Ocean, about midway between South America and Africa |
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Geographic coordinates: |
15 56 S, 5 42 W |
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Map references: |
Africa |
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Area: |
total: 410 sq km
land: 410 sq km water: 0 sq km note:
includes Saint Helena Island, Ascension, and the island group of Tristan
da Cunha, which consists of Tristan da Cunha Island, Gough Island,
Inaccessible Island, and the three Nightingale Islands |
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Area - comparative: |
slightly more than twice the
size of Washington, DC |
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Land boundaries: |
0 km |
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Coastline: |
60 km |
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Maritime claims: |
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm |
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Climate: |
Saint Helena - tropical;
marine; mild, tempered by trade winds; Tristan da Cunha - temperate;
marine, mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint
Helena) |
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Terrain: |
Saint Helena - rugged,
volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains note: the other
islands of the group have a volcanic origin |
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Elevation extremes: |
lowest point: Atlantic
Ocean 0 m highest point: Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha
2,060 m |
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Natural resources: |
fish |
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Land use: |
arable land: 12.9%
permanent crops: 0% other: 87.1% (2001) |
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Irrigated land: |
NA sq km |
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Natural hazards: |
active volcanism on Tristan da
Cunha |
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Environment - current issues: |
NA |
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Geography - note: |
harbors at least 40 species of
plants unknown anywhere else in the world; Ascension is a breeding ground
for sea turtles and sooty terns |
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Population: |
7,460 (July 2005 est.) |
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Age structure: |
0-14 years: 18.8% (male
715/female 691) 15-64 years: 71.3% (male 2,745/female 2,575)
65 years and over: 9.8% (male 330/female 404) (2005 est.)
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Median age: |
total: 35.4 years
male: 35.61 years female: 35.21 years (2005 est.)
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Population growth rate: |
0.59% (2005 est.) |
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Birth rate: |
12.33 births/1,000 population
(2005 est.) |
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Death rate: |
6.43 deaths/1,000 population
(2005 est.) |
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Net migration rate: |
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population
(2005 est.) |
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Sex ratio: |
at birth: 1.04
male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64
years: 1.07 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82
male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2005
est.) |
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Infant mortality rate: |
total: 19 deaths/1,000
live births male: 22.74 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 15.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth: |
total population: 77.76
years male: 74.86 years female: 80.81 years (2005
est.) |
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Total fertility rate: |
1.54 children born/woman (2005
est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: |
NA |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: |
NA |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths: |
NA |
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Nationality: |
noun: Saint Helenian(s)
adjective: Saint Helenian |
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Ethnic groups: |
African descent 50%, white 25%,
Chinese 25% |
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Religions: |
Anglican (majority), Baptist,
Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic |
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Languages: |
English |
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Literacy: |
definition: age 20 and
over can read and write total population: 97% male:
97% female: 98% (1987 est.) |
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Country name: |
conventional long form:
none conventional short form: Saint Helena |
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Dependency status: |
overseas territory of the UK
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Government type: |
NA |
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Capital: |
Jamestown |
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Administrative divisions: |
1 administrative area and 2
dependencies*; Ascension*, Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha* |
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Independence: |
none (overseas territory of the
UK) |
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National holiday: |
Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II,
second Saturday in June (1926) |
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Constitution: |
1 January 1989 |
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Legal system: |
NA |
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Suffrage: |
NA years of age |
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Executive branch: |
chief of state: Queen
ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government:
Governor and Commander in Chief Michael CLANCY (since 15 October 2004)
cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, two ex
officio officers, and six elected members of the Legislative Council
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor is
appointed by the monarch |
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Legislative branch: |
unicameral Legislative Council
(16 seats, including the speaker, 3 ex officio and 12 elected members;
members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 27 June 2001 (next to be held June 2005)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents
15 |
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Judicial branch: |
Supreme Court; Magistrate's
Court; Small Debts Court; Juvenile Court |
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Political parties and leaders: |
none |
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Political pressure groups and leaders: |
none |
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International organization participation: |
ICFTU, UPU |
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Diplomatic representation in the US: |
none (overseas territory of the
UK) |
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Diplomatic representation from the US: |
none (overseas territory of the
UK) |
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Flag description: |
blue with the flag of the UK in
the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on
the outer half of the flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and
three-masted sailing ship |
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Economy - overview: |
The economy depends largely on
financial assistance from the UK, which amounted to about $5 million in
1997 or almost one-half of annual budgetary revenues. The local population
earns income from fishing, raising livestock, and sales of handicrafts.
Because there are few jobs, 25% of the work force has left to seek
employment on Ascension Island, on the Falklands, and in the UK. |
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GDP: |
purchasing power parity - $18
million (1998 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate: |
NA |
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GDP - per capita: |
purchasing power parity -
$2,500 (1998 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector: |
agriculture: NA
industry: NA services: NA |
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Population below poverty line: |
NA |
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Household income or consumption by percentage
share: |
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): |
3.2% (1997 est.) |
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Labor force: |
3,500 note: 1,200
work offshore (1998 est.) |
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Labor force - by occupation: |
agriculture and fishing 6%,
industry (mainly construction) 48%, services 46% (1987 est.) |
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Unemployment rate: |
14% (1998 est.) |
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Budget: |
revenues: $11.2 million
expenditures: $11 million, including capital expenditures of NA
(FY92/93) |
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Agriculture - products: |
corn, potatoes, vegetables;
timber; fish, crawfish (on Tristan da Cunha) |
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Industries: |
construction, crafts
(furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing |
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Industrial production growth rate: |
NA |
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Electricity - production: |
5 million kWh (2002) |
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Electricity - production by source: |
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
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Electricity - consumption: |
4.65 million kWh (2002) |
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Electricity - exports: |
0 kWh (2002) |
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Electricity - imports: |
0 kWh (2002) |
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Oil - production: |
0 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - consumption: |
200 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - exports: |
NA |
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Oil - imports: |
NA |
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Exports: |
$17 million f.o.b. (2002)
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Exports - commodities: |
fish (frozen, canned, and
salt-dried skipjack, tuna), coffee, handicrafts |
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Exports - partners: |
US 27.1%, Tanzania 24.5%,
Indonesia 9.6%, Japan 8.8%, UK 6.2%, Spain 5.1% (2004) |
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Imports: |
$42 million c.i.f. (2002)
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Imports - commodities: |
food, beverages, tobacco, fuel
oils, animal feed, building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery
and parts |
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Imports - partners: |
UK 35.1%, US 18.5%, South
Africa 18.4%, Tanzania 8.5%, Australia 5.7%, Spain 4.3% (2004) |
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Debt - external: |
NA (1996) |
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Economic aid - recipient: |
$12.6 million (1995); note -
$5.3 million from UK (1997) |
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Currency: |
Saint Helenian pound (SHP)
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Currency code: |
SHP |
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Exchange rates: |
Saint Helenian pounds per US
dollar - 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001),
0.6609 (2000) note: the Saint Helenian pound is on par with the
British pound |
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Fiscal year: |
1 April - 31 March
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| Communications |
Saint Helena |
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Telephones - main lines in use: |
2,200 (2002) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular: |
0 (1997) |
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Telephone system: |
general assessment: can
communicate worldwide domestic: automatic network
international: country code - 290; HF radiotelephone from Saint
Helena to Ascension Island, which is a major coaxial submarine cable relay
point between South Africa, Portugal, and UK; satellite earth stations - 2
Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) |
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Radio broadcast stations: |
AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
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Radios: |
3,000 (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations: |
0 note: television
programs are received in Saint Helena via satellite and distributed by
cable (2002) |
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Televisions: |
2,000 (1997) |
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Internet country code: |
.sh |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs): |
1 (2000) |
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Internet users: |
500 (2002) |
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Communications - note: |
Gough Island has a
meteorological station |
| Transportation |
Saint Helena |
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Highways: |
total: 198 km (Saint
Helena 138 km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 20 km) paved:
168 km (Saint Helena 118km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 10 km)
unpaved: 30 km (Saint Helena 20 km, Ascension 0 km, Tristan da
Cunha 10 km) (2000) |
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Ports and harbors: |
Georgetown (on Ascension),
Jamestown |
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Airports: |
1 (2004 est.) |
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Airports - with paved runways: |
total: 1 over
3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
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Military - note: |
defense is the responsibility
of the UK |
| Transnational Issues |
Saint Helena |
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Disputes - international: |
none |
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